Kisah Para Rasul 2:23-36
Konteks2:23 this man, who was handed over by the predetermined plan and foreknowledge of God, you executed 1 by nailing him to a cross at the hands of Gentiles. 2 2:24 But God raised him up, 3 having released 4 him from the pains 5 of death, because it was not possible for him to be held in its power. 6 2:25 For David says about him,
‘I saw the Lord always in front of me, 7
for he is at my right hand so that I will not be shaken.
2:26 Therefore my heart was glad and my tongue rejoiced;
my body 8 also will live in hope,
2:27 because you will not leave my soul in Hades, 9
nor permit your Holy One to experience 10 decay.
2:28 You have made known to me the paths of life;
you will make me full of joy with your presence.’ 11
2:29 “Brothers, 12 I can speak confidently 13 to you about our forefather 14 David, that he both died and was buried, and his tomb is with us to this day. 2:30 So then, because 15 he was a prophet and knew that God had sworn to him with an oath to seat one of his descendants 16 on his throne, 17 2:31 David by foreseeing this 18 spoke about the resurrection of the Christ, 19 that he was neither abandoned to Hades, 20 nor did his body 21 experience 22 decay. 23 2:32 This Jesus God raised up, and we are all witnesses of it. 24 2:33 So then, exalted 25 to the right hand 26 of God, and having received 27 the promise of the Holy Spirit 28 from the Father, he has poured out 29 what you both see and hear. 2:34 For David did not ascend into heaven, but he himself says,
‘The Lord said to my lord,
“Sit 30 at my right hand
2:35 until I make your enemies a footstool 31 for your feet.”’ 32
2:36 Therefore let all the house of Israel know beyond a doubt 33 that God has made this Jesus whom you crucified 34 both Lord 35 and Christ.” 36
Kisah Para Rasul 3:15
Konteks3:15 You killed 37 the Originator 38 of life, whom God raised 39 from the dead. To this fact we are witnesses! 40
Kisah Para Rasul 4:10-11
Konteks4:10 let it be known to all of you and to all the people of Israel that by the name of Jesus Christ 41 the Nazarene whom you crucified, whom God raised from the dead, this man stands before you healthy. 4:11 This Jesus 42 is the stone that was rejected by you, 43 the builders, that has become the cornerstone. 44
Kisah Para Rasul 7:52
Konteks7:52 Which of the prophets did your ancestors 45 not persecute? 46 They 47 killed those who foretold long ago the coming of the Righteous One, 48 whose betrayers and murderers you have now become! 49
[2:23] 2 tn Grk “at the hands of lawless men.” At this point the term ἄνομος (anomo") refers to non-Jews who live outside the Jewish (Mosaic) law, rather than people who broke any or all laws including secular laws. Specifically it is a reference to the Roman soldiers who carried out Jesus’ crucifixion.
[2:24] 3 tn Grk “Whom God raised up.”
[2:24] 4 tn Or “having freed.”
[2:24] 5 sn The term translated pains is frequently used to describe pains associated with giving birth (see Rev 12:2). So there is irony here in the mixed metaphor.
[2:24] 6 tn Or “for him to be held by it” (in either case, “it” refers to death’s power).
[2:25] 7 tn Or “always before me.”
[2:27] 9 tn Or “will not abandon my soul to Hades.” Often “Hades” is the equivalent of the Hebrew term Sheol, the place of the dead.
[2:27] 10 tn Grk “to see,” but the literal translation of the phrase “to see decay” could be misunderstood to mean simply “to look at decay,” while here “see decay” is really figurative for “experience decay.”
[2:28] 11 sn A quotation from Ps 16:8-11.
[2:29] 12 tn Since this represents a continuation of the address beginning in v.14 and continued in v. 22, “brothers” has been used here rather than a generic expression like “brothers and sisters.”
[2:29] 13 sn Peter’s certainty is based on well-known facts.
[2:29] 14 tn Or “about our noted ancestor,” “about the patriarch.”
[2:30] 15 tn The participles ὑπάρχων (Juparcwn) and εἰδώς (eidw") are translated as causal adverbial participles.
[2:30] 16 tn Grk “one from the fruit of his loins.” “Loins” is the traditional translation of ὀσφῦς (osfu"), referring to the male genital organs. A literal rendering like “one who came from his genital organs” would be regarded as too specific and perhaps even vulgar by many contemporary readers. Most modern translations thus render the phrase “one of his descendants.”
[2:30] 17 sn An allusion to Ps 132:11 and 2 Sam 7:12-13, the promise in the Davidic covenant.
[2:31] 18 tn Grk “David foreseeing spoke.” The participle προϊδών (proidwn) is taken as indicating means. It could also be translated as a participle of attendant circumstance: “David foresaw [this] and spoke.” The word “this” is supplied in either case as an understood direct object (direct objects in Greek were often omitted, but must be supplied for the modern English reader).
[2:31] 19 tn Or “the Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”
[2:31] sn The term χριστός (cristos) was originally an adjective (“anointed”), developing in LXX into a substantive (“an anointed one”), then developing still further into a technical generic term (“the anointed one”). In the intertestamental period it developed further into a technical term referring to the hoped-for anointed one, that is, a specific individual. In the NT the development starts there (technical-specific), is so used in the gospels, and then develops in Paul’s letters to mean virtually Jesus’ last name.
[2:31] 20 tn Or “abandoned in the world of the dead.” The translation “world of the dead” for Hades is suggested by L&N 1.19. The phrase is an allusion to Ps 16:10.
[2:31] 21 tn Grk “flesh.” See vv. 26b-27. The reference to “body” in this verse picks up the reference to “body” in v. 26. The Greek term σάρξ (sarx) in both verses literally means “flesh”; however, the translation “body” stresses the lack of decay of his physical body. The point of the verse is not merely the lack of decay of his flesh alone, but the resurrection of his entire person, as indicated by the previous parallel line “he was not abandoned to Hades.”
[2:31] 22 tn Grk “see,” but the literal translation of the phrase “see decay” could be misunderstood to mean simply “look at decay,” while here “see decay” is really figurative for “experience decay.”
[2:31] 23 sn An allusion to Ps 16:10.
[2:32] 24 tn Or “of him”; Grk “of which [or whom] we are all witnesses” (Acts 1:8).
[2:33] 25 tn The aorist participle ὑψωθείς (Juywqei") could be taken temporally: “So then, after he was exalted…” In the translation the more neutral “exalted” (a shorter form of “having been exalted”) was used to preserve the ambiguity of the original Greek.
[2:33] 26 sn The expression the right hand of God represents supreme power and authority. Its use here sets up the quotation of Ps 110:1 in v. 34.
[2:33] 27 tn The aorist participle λαβών (labwn) could be taken temporally: “So then, after he was exalted…and received from the Father the promised Holy Spirit.” In the translation the more neutral “having received” was used to preserve the ambiguity of the original Greek.
[2:33] 28 tn Here the genitive τοῦ πνεύματος (tou pneumato") is a genitive of apposition; the promise consists of the Holy Spirit.
[2:33] 29 sn The use of the verb poured out looks back to 2:17-18, where the same verb occurs twice.
[2:34] 30 sn Sit at my right hand. The word “sit” alludes back to the promise of “seating one on his throne” in v. 30.
[2:35] 31 sn The metaphor make your enemies a footstool portrays the complete subjugation of the enemies.
[2:35] 32 sn A quotation from Ps 110:1, one of the most often-cited OT passages in the NT, pointing to the exaltation of Jesus.
[2:36] 33 tn Or “know for certain.” This term is in an emphatic position in the clause.
[2:36] 34 tn Grk “has made him both Lord and Christ, this Jesus whom you crucified.” The clause has been simplified in the translation by replacing the pronoun “him” with the explanatory clause “this Jesus whom you crucified” which comes at the end of the sentence.
[2:36] 35 sn Lord. This looks back to the quotation of Ps 110:1 and the mention of “calling on the Lord” in 2:21. Peter’s point is that the Lord on whom one calls for salvation is Jesus, because he is the one mediating God’s blessing of the Spirit as a sign of the presence of salvation and the last days.
[2:36] 36 tn Or “and Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”
[2:36] sn See the note on Christ in 2:31.
[3:15] 37 tn Or “You put to death.”
[3:15] 38 tn Or “Founder,” “founding Leader.”
[3:15] 39 sn Whom God raised. God is the main actor here, as he testifies to Jesus and vindicates him.
[3:15] 40 tn Grk “whom God raised from the dead, of which we are witnesses.” The two consecutive relative clauses make for awkward English style, so the second was begun as a new sentence with the words “to this fact” supplied in place of the Greek relative pronoun to make a complete sentence in English.
[3:15] sn We are witnesses. Note the two witnesses here, Peter and John (Acts 5:32; Heb 2:3-4).
[4:10] 41 tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”
[4:11] 42 tn Grk “This one”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[4:11] 43 tn The word “you” is inserted into the quotation because Peter is making a direct application of Ps 118:22 to his hearers. Because it is not in the OT, it has been left as normal type (rather than bold italic). The remarks are like Acts 2:22-24 and 3:12-15.
[4:11] 44 sn A quotation from Ps 118:22 which combines the theme of rejection with the theme of God’s vindication/exaltation.
[7:52] 45 tn Or “forefathers”; Grk “fathers.”
[7:52] 46 sn Which…persecute. The rhetorical question suggests they persecuted them all.
[7:52] 47 tn Grk “And they.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.
[7:52] 48 sn The Righteous One is a reference to Jesus Christ.
[7:52] 49 sn Whose betrayers and murderers you have now become. The harsh critique has OT precedent (1 Kgs 19:10-14; Neh 9:26; 2 Chr 36:16).
